This study presents an empirical assessment and simulation-based analysis of traffic conditions at a signalized urban intersection in Ruse, Bulgaria, providing insights into both current performance and potential improvement strategies. The primary objective is to evaluate the intersection’s capacity, level of service (LOS), and degree of saturation under realistic traffic conditions. A comprehensive methodological framework is applied, combining field data collection, turning movement analysis, delay estimation based on established traffic flow models, and traffic simulation using dedicated software tools.

Key performance indicators—including traffic volume, degree of saturation, control delay, and LOS—are quantified, while a conflict point analysis highlights potential safety risks. The integration of simulation enables a more detailed evaluation of traffic dynamics and supports scenario-based analysis. The results reveal significant peak-hour congestion, increased delays, queue formation, and periods where traffic approaches or exceeds capacity, indicating reduced operational efficiency.

Based on these findings, the study explores several optimization strategies, including signal timing adjustments, coordinated control, intelligent transport systems, and the potential for intersection redesign, such as conversion to a roundabout. The research demonstrates the value of combining empirical analysis with simulation-based approaches in medium-sized urban areas and provides practical, data-driven recommendations to enhance the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of urban transport networks.