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A Comparative Numerical Investigation of a Multi-element Race Car Rear Wing Featuring a Novel Aviation-inspired Aircraft Mode for Drag Reduction and Energy Management
Last modified: 2026-09-12
Abstract
This study aims to integrate the aerodynamic characteristics of high performance sports cars into next generation energy management strategies. Two dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed using a three-element rear wing featuring the S1223 airfoil geometry. Going beyond the conventional Drag Reduction System (DRS) concept, two novel operational modes were tested: an innovative "Aircraft Mode" featuring a 180-degree inverted flap to neutralize downforce and reduce rolling resistance, and an "Airbrake" mode designed to support instantaneous deceleration. Based on the results obtained from an ultra-fine mesh structure (103,675 elements), the drag and lift coefficients in the baseline high downforce mode were measured as cd = 0.0883 and , cl = -3.7916 respectively. The Aircraft Mode reduced the aerodynamic load on the rear axle, with the lift coefficient decreasing to cl = -0.290, while substantially reducing the drag coefficient to cd = 0.0239 . Conversely, the Airbrake mode increased the cd value to 0.5683, generating an aerodynamic braking effect. The results suggest that multi-mode active aerodynamic configurations may support MGU-K-based energy management strategies by simultaneously managing aerodynamic drag and downforce across different driving conditions.