The rapid growth in the adoption of electric vehicles has highlighted the importance of efficient battery thermal management systems (BTMS), as the performance, safety, and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries are strongly influenced by their thermal operating conditions. Under demanding operating conditions, heat accumulation and the occurrence of cell-to-cell temperature non-uniformities can lead to accelerated degradation and electrochemical performance.

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the influence of a uniform thermoelectric cooling system on the thermal performance of a 2×3 lithium-ion battery module. For this purpose, a dedicated experimental test bench was developed, equipped with temperature sensors mounted on each cell, as well as thermoelectric modules (TECs) arranged to ensure uniform cooling across the entire surface of the module.

The experimental analysis was carried out by comparing two operating scenarios: without active thermal management and with uniform thermoelectric cooling. The monitored parameters included the maximum temperature, average temperature, and the cell-to-cell temperature difference, to assess thermal uniformity.

The results obtained demonstrate that there is a reduction in the maximum temperature and an improved temperature distribution within the module, contributing to the mitigation of temperature gradients between cells. Consequently, the proposed solution demonstrates the potential to enhance thermal stability and the overall performance of battery systems for electric and hybrid vehicle applications.