Modern electromechanical braking systems (Electro-Mechanical Braking, EMB) represent a paradigm shift in automotive engineering, not only as a replacement for classic hydraulic systems, but as a key technology for the future architecture of next-generation vehicles, including electric, autonomous vehicle platforms, allowing direct electronic control of braking forces. In EMB, the actuation command is transmitted via electrical signals, while in fully electromechanical solutions, the braking force is generated by electric actuators, without a classic hydraulic circuit and without brake fluid. This results in a very short response time and allows precise control of braking forces at each wheel, which leads to increased vehicle stability and improved safety performance. The development of these braking equipment is subject to challenges related to operational safety through redundancy, actuator reliability in aggressive environmental conditions and, last but not least, addressing cybersecurity vulnerabilities associated with fully electronic control architectures.

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of various EMB electromechanical braking system technologies, focusing on their architecture, operating principles and control strategies, as well as their integration into modern vehicle platforms.