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The visibility of road markings and traffic signs is a critical factor in road safety, directly affecting driver behaviour and their ability to react in a timely manner to information provided by road infrastructure. Degraded markings, adverse weather conditions and insufficient lighting significantly reduce the detectability of these elements, creating risk situations. This paper proposes a dual-methodology experimental study to quantify the influence of marking and sign visibility on driver reaction time. The first method consists of presenting video footage recorded under varying conditions (day/night, rain, degraded versus new markings) to a group of participants, measuring their reaction time to detecting road elements. The second method involves tests under real traffic conditions on a predefined route, recording the detection distance of signs based on their condition. The study aims to identify critical visibility thresholds below which accident risk increases significantly and to formulate recommendations on minimum maintenance standards for markings and signs, with direct relevance for the design of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and road infrastructure management policies.