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This paper analyses pollutant emissions generated by urban road traffic in relation to the structure of the vehicle fleet. The study aims to quantify the contribution of different vehicle categories based on fuel type and emission standard under representative urban driving conditions in the city of Craiova. The methodology combines vehicle fleet distribution data with category-specific emission factors to estimate total emissions for the baseline scenario. Furthermore, future alternative scenarios are developed, including accelerated electrification of the fleet (battery electric and hybrid vehicles) and fleet renewal through the replacement of older vehicles with those complying with more stringent emission standards. The study provides a comparative framework for evaluating the effectiveness of different strategies and policies aimed at reducing urban traffic emissions.